Cross-border payments are essential to the global financial system, facilitating trade and investment. The global cross-border traditional and crypto payment market approached a value of about one ...

Focusing on a cross-border perspective, this paper identifies four key binding constraints that hinder firms’ ability to innovate and scale up within the EU single market—fragmented regulations, ...

During a major crisis, the transitional dynamics of conditional convergence are unlikely to apply. In this paper, we introduce a Markov chain approach which integrates the study of crises and ...

The European Union’s budget—known as the Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF)—has over time been a key tool for enhancing economic efficiency, achieving redistribution, and helping the Union tackle ...