Article 37: It states that the Directive Principles are non-justiciable. Nevertheless, Article 37 itself says that these principles are fundamental in the governance of the country and it shall be the ...

The Fundamental Rights in India are enshrined in Part III of the Constitution, covering Articles 12 to 35. These rights are considered essential for the development of every individual and for ...

Judicial activism is evident in landmark judgments such as the expansion of Article 21 (right to life and personal liberty) to include the "due process of law," not just "procedure established by law, ...

The Indian Constitution envisions the judiciary as a guardian of justice and an agent of social transformation. Articles 14, 15, 16, 17, 38, 39A, and 42 to 47 collectively address various facets of ...

The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) is a key multilateral treaty adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on December 16, 1966, and entered into force on ...

International Norms: The Declaration has influenced international treaties, regional charters (like the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights), and global conferences, including the Vienna ...

The judiciary in India plays a crucial role in shaping the legal landscape by creatively interpreting laws and relying on judicial precedents. This dynamic process ensures that the Constitution ...

The independence of the judiciary is a fundamental principle enshrined in the Indian Constitution. It ensures that the judiciary functions autonomously, free from external pressures and influences, ...

The State of Maharashtra v. Madhukar Narayan Mardikar is a landmark Supreme Court case from 1991 that addressed police misconduct, the evidentiary value of a woman's testimony, and the right to ...

Yes, the Supreme Court's judgment in the Mathura Rape Case led to widespread public outrage and protests, especially from women's groups and legal activists. This outcry prompted significant ...

The climate of fear and impunity created by AFSPA undermines democratic participation, silences dissent, and erodes trust between Indigenous communities and the state. The militarization of Indigenous ...

The Nelson Mandela Rules address various aspects of prison management, including security, safety, and the use of technology. They emphasize the importance of treating all prisoners with respect and ...