Alternative models like open categories or skill-based divisions have been proposed but face logistical hurdles. In the U.S., the NCAA allows trans women to compete after a year of hormone therapy, though state-level bans are rising. Professional leagues like the NWSL may soon face pressure to clarify their stance.

The English Football Association (FA) has said it will ban transgender players from women's football from next season, starting from June 1.

Transgender women will no longer be allowed to compete in women’s soccer in England after a policy change prompted by a UK Supreme Court ruling on the matter, the FA said on Thursday.Britain's highest court ruled on April 16 that only biological and not trans women meet the definition of a woman under equality laws,